The Fusion of ERA5 and MERRA-2 Atmospheric Temperature Profiles with Enhanced Spatial Resolution and Accuracy

Accurate high-resolution atmospheric temperature profiles are essential for precisely characterizing the evolution of atmosphere and developing numerical forecasts. Atmospheric datasets, such as ERA5 (the fifth-generation ECMWF Reanalysis) MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis Research Applications, Version 2), provide global continuous profiles, with fine vertical distribution horizontal resolution. RAOB (Radiosonde Observation) sounding data have high confidence representativeness usually used accuracy verification. Due to difficulty updating existing products, scarcity research on mesospheric this work maximizes observation data, combines benefits ERA5’s resolution MERRA-2’s distribution, employs optimal interpolation method combine in order produce a fused result spatial After converting all same was two datasets from separate places different pressure layers results, which had 45 0.25°. The data’s RMSE MAE were 6.0 K 5.0 lower than those profile respectively, 0.3 0.4 respectively. validation, using 2019, showed that exhibits better correlation other demonstrated algorithm can potentially be generate reliable future meteorological research.